Peters



@tetten gisten ateut @ffice Letters Patent No. 76,552, dated .Apt-Z 7, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROGARBON-BURNERS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, FnEDEnIC WILLIAM Tnarnn, of Boston, inthe county ot" Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Apparatus for Burning Petroleum or other Hydrocarbons, for the purpose of producing heat; and I do hereby deeiare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of thc same, taken in connection with the `accompanying drawing, making a part of this specification, in which- Figurel is an elevation of the apparatus arranged in two forms, as it is proposed to be used in the fire-box v of a boiler.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same.

Figure 3 is a plan of the lower retort and its appendages; and

Figure 4 is a plan of the whole apparat-us.

The subject-matter of my invention relates to the construction of an apparatus for burning petroleum and other hydrocarbons for fuel, for the purpose of producing heat, to be used for generating steam, heating furnaces,v and-other similar usesin the arts.

My invention relates, in the first place, to the manner of constructing and arranging the devices by which the fuel is converted into a gaseous form, and mixed with air in such` a manner as to produce the most perfect combustion of the same, with reference to the production of heat; and consiststfirst, in the employment of an evaporator or retort, which is partially lled with petroleum, and converts the same into vapor by the application of external heat, and, in combination therewith, a series ofjet-pipes, projecting from said retorts towardsy the surface to be heated, the orilices of said jet-pipes bearing such a relation to the normal evaporative capacity of th'e retorts that the generation of vapor within the same will produce a` pressure that will project the vapor from said pipes with considerable force, so as to produce an elongated llame therefrom similar to that produced by the blow-pipe; and it also consists, in the second place, in combining, with the jet-pipe, operating as beforel described, a mixingtube or chimney, which eucloscs the same, and within which air in a graduated quantity is mixed with thejet of vapor, the air being drawn into the tube at the inner end by the draught produced by the jet, and the mixed gases discharged at the outer end, where they are ignited.

My invention relates, in the third place, to the method of heating and regulating the quantity of air that is supplied to the jets, and also thereby protectingl tit-at part ofthe evaporator which is not covered by the petroleum, and consists in forming upon the exterior of the upper part of the evaporator, a chamber for heating; the air which is supplied to the chimneys, the inner ends of which are enclosed within the chamber, which is supplied with air by mea-ns of a pipe leading to the exterior of the furnace, so that the action of. the exterior" heat of the {ire-chamber upon that part of the evaporator which is `not filled by the petroleum is intercepted,` and the jets of vapor are supplied with hot air inra very simple and convenient manner; and it also consists in so arranging and combining the chimneys with the heating-chamber as to'support and adjustthem in proper' relation to their jets, while their inner ends are left open all around the jet, to admit the proper supply of air.A My invention relates, in the fourth place, to the manner of constructing some of vthe details of the appa; ratus, which will be hereaftervdcscribed.

A A represent two retorts o r evaporatingvessels, of an annular form, for containing the petroleum-fuel; but may be made of any for-m that will bestsuit the shape of the mire-chamber in which they are to be placed:A They are designed to be illed with petroleum to about half their height. To the lower evaporator is attached an air-chamber, B, which encloses the upper surface of the retort, and protects` thatpart of it that is not covered by the petroleum, and-also heats the'air within it. This chamber is supplied with air by means ofthe pipe leading downward outside of the furnace. D D, Ste., are jet-pipes, each made with asmall orice, and inserted into the upper surface of the evaporators. The capacity of these jet-pipes relatively to the evaporative capacity of the retort is to be Such that considerable pressure will be generated within the same, so that the vapor will issue from the jet-pipes with considerable force. The jetpipes in the upper retort project a. considerable distance from the4 retort, to enable the external air to flow in on all sides, to supply the jet of vapor that issues" from thejet-pipe with the requisite amount of oxygen for combustion, and -also to project the ame produced directly upon the surface to be heated, in a manner similar to the operation of a blow-pipe. E E,i&c., are

mixing-pipes, whichvare secured to the walls of the air-chamber by adjusting-nuts a, as shown, and their inner ends surround the conical jet-pipes D. By means of the nuts a, the pipes E can be drawn in orout, so as to leave a greater or less space between the jet and pipe, through which the air from the chamber is drawn in by the action of the jet of vapor escaping from the jet-pipe, by which means the quantity of air supplied to the jet can be nicely regulated. When the mixed gases arrivent the outer extremity of the pipe E,-they are ignited and projected directly towards the heatingsurt`ace of the boiler. The jetgpipes shown in connection with the upper evaporator, Af, do not have mixing-pipes in combination with them, but obtain their oxygen for combustion from the combustion-chamber, and in this case the jet-pipes project a considerable distance from the evaporator, to allow the air to take aforward motion with the jets, but,so far as their relation to thetiro-suri'ace is concerned, they are arranged in the same manner, that is, so that the {ire-surface shall be just beyond the extremity of the ame. F F, Ste., are jetsand mixing-pipes, of Ithe form shown, for applying a flame beneath the evaporator, in case the heat of the furnace-chamber is not sutlicient to evaporate the petroleum with sutlieient rapidity. Gr Gr are other pipes, to heat the upper evaporator, under the same. H is a pan, for containing petroleum or other fuel, to be first iii-ed, forthe purpose of heating up the evaporator, and commencing to form vapor, and getting the apparatus to work. I is a pipe,`by which the petroleum is introduced into the evaporator. J is a pipe, by which the heavy oil is drawn oft' after the lighter oil has been `vaporized. K isa glass gauge, connected with the evaporator by suitable pipes, for ascertaining theheight of the petroleum-oil in the same. L L are standards to support the apparatus. M is the boiler. vTheA upper retort, when used, is to be supplied with petroleum, in the same manner as is shown-in the lower one, by another set of pipes and fixtures of the same character as is there shown. I Y

i In puttingthe apparatus into operation, the retorts are filled with petroleum t about halt` their height, and some light fuel, with petroleum, is placed in the pau H and set on fire. When tberretorts are heated so that vapor is freely formed, Athe jets will be ignited and the operation will become continuous. i Suitable cocks or valves may be used with the several jets, so that the use of'them 'may be discontinued when desired,` or the discharge so regulated as toproduco the best result.

. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

li'lhe combination of one or more 'elongated projecting jet-pipes with the evaporator Yor retort, when they are so proportioned to each other that, by means of the evaporation alone, the vapor will be discharged from said pipes with force, s^o as to produce an elongated jet of dame, similar to that of the blow-pipe, substantially as described.`

2. The jet-pipe, supplied with gas or vapor, as described, in combination with the adjustable mixing-pipe or chimney, by which a current of air is drawn into the same, and mixed with the jets of vapor, substantially as described.

3. Combining with the retort cr e'vaporatin'g vessel the air-chamber, for heating'the nir supplied to the jets and protecting the vessel, substantially as described.

4. So combining the 'chimney with the heating-chamber and jet-pipe th'atit'is supported by the upper wall of the chamber in proper relation to the jet-pipe, so as to receiveI from the chamber the proper amount of air to supply the jet, substantially as described. l I

5; Adjusting the chimney and jet-pipe by means of the nuts a, in combination with the air-chamber, substantially as described. i

6. The employment of two or more retorts, one over theiother, and the heating of the uppermost retort by jets supplied by the retort beneath it, substantially as described..

Executed ati-Boston, this eleventhday of December, 1867.

FREDO WM. THAYER. Witnesses N. C. LoMBAnI),

WM. C. HIBBARD. 

